Microwave interferometry of Saturn: Application to the brightness temperature of the rings

Radio interferometric measurements of Saturn and Saturn's rings are explained. The measurements are limited to Mu is greater than or equal to 3. Data are also given on visibility functions, flux density, and brightness temperature

Lepton-mass effects in the decays H→ZZ∗→ℓ+ℓ−τ+τ−H \to ZZ^{\ast} \to \ell^{+} \ell^{-} \tau^{+} \tau^{-} and H→WW∗→ℓντντH \to WW^{\ast} \to \ell \nu \tau \nu_{\tau}

We consider lepton-mass effects in the cascade decays $H\to Z(\to \ell^{+} \ell^{-})+Z^{\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\tau^{-})$ and $H\to W^{-}(\to \ell^{-}\bar \nu_{\ell})+W^{+\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\nu_{\tau})$. Since the scale of the problem is set by the off-shellness $q^{2}$ of the respective gauge bosons in the limits $(m_{\ell}+m_{\ell'})^{2} \le q^{2} \le (m_{H}-m_{W,Z})^{2}$ and not by $m_{W,Z}^{2}$, lepton-mass effects are non-negligible for the $\tau$ modes in particular close to the threshold of the off-shell decays. Lepton-mass effects show up e.g.\ in the three-fold joint angular decay distribution for the decays. Nonzero lepton masses lead to leptonic helicity-flip contributions which in turn can generate novel angular dependencies in the respective three-fold angular decay distributions. Lepton-mass effects are more pronounced in the $H \to Z(\to \ell\ell)Z^{\ast}(\to\tau\tau)$ mode which, in part, is due to the fact that the ratio of lepton helicity flip/nonflip contributions in the decay $Z^{\ast} \to \ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ is four times larger than in the decay $W^{+\ast}\to \ell^{+}\nu$. We also briefly consider the corresponding off-shell -- off-shell decays $H\to Z^{\ast}(\to \ell^{+}\ell^{-})+Z^{\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\tau^{-})$ and $H\to W^{-\ast}(\to \ell^{-}\bar \nu_{\ell})+W^{+\ast}(\to \tau^{+}\nu_{\tau})$.Comment: 45 pages, 9 figures and 6 tables, published versio

Neutrino-Nucleus Cross Section Measurements using Stopped Pions and Low Energy Beta Beams

Two new facilities have recently been proposed to measure low energy neutrino-nucleus cross sections, the nu-SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) and low energy beta beams. The former produces neutrinos by pion decay at rest, while the latter produces neutrinos from the beta decays of accelerated ions. One of the uses of neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements is for supernova studies, where typical neutrino energies are 10s of MeV. In this energy range there are many different components to the nuclear response and this makes the theoretical interpretation of the results of such an experiment complex. Although even one measurement on a heavy nucleus such as lead is much anticipated, more than one data set would be still better. We suggest that this can be done by breaking the electron spectrum down into the parts produced in coincidence with one or two neutrons, running a beta beam at more than one energy, comparing the spectra produced with pions and a beta beam or any combination of these.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Interaction of Public and Private Employment: Evidence from a German Government Move

We use the move of the seat of the German government from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to test competing views about the impact of public employment on private sector activity in a local labor market. A relocated public sector job might create new jobs in an area as it increases demand for locally-produced goods and services, or crowd out existing jobs due to upward pressure on housing rents. Using employment data from a panel of a 50% sample of establishments across 190 Berlin postcodes, we apply a treatment intensity approach which takes the possibility of spillovers into account. Results indicate that the arrival of 100 public sector jobs into an area generates 55 additional jobs in the private sector. There is evidence of spillovers: relocations up to a distance of 1km from a postcode boundary increases employment in the private sector by 36 jobs. These effects are coming through job gains in the service sector, while manufacturing employment is not influenced by the relocation

Conflict-Free Coloring Made Stronger

In FOCS 2002, Even et al. showed that any set of $n$ discs in the plane can be Conflict-Free colored with a total of at most $O(\log n)$ colors. That is, it can be colored with $O(\log n)$ colors such that for any (covered) point $p$ there is some disc whose color is distinct from all other colors of discs containing $p$. They also showed that this bound is asymptotically tight. In this paper we prove the following stronger results: \begin{enumerate} \item [(i)] Any set of $n$ discs in the plane can be colored with a total of at most $O(k \log n)$ colors such that (a) for any point $p$ that is covered by at least $k$ discs, there are at least $k$ distinct discs each of which is colored by a color distinct from all other discs containing $p$ and (b) for any point $p$ covered by at most $k$ discs, all discs covering $p$ are colored distinctively. We call such a coloring a {\em $k$-Strong Conflict-Free} coloring. We extend this result to pseudo-discs and arbitrary regions with linear union-complexity. \item [(ii)] More generally, for families of $n$ simple closed Jordan regions with union-complexity bounded by $O(n^{1+\alpha})$, we prove that there exists a $k$-Strong Conflict-Free coloring with at most $O(k n^\alpha)$ colors. \item [(iii)] We prove that any set of $n$ axis-parallel rectangles can be $k$-Strong Conflict-Free colored with at most $O(k \log^2 n)$ colors. \item [(iv)] We provide a general framework for $k$-Strong Conflict-Free coloring arbitrary hypergraphs. This framework relates the notion of $k$-Strong Conflict-Free coloring and the recently studied notion of $k$-colorful coloring. \end{enumerate} All of our proofs are constructive. That is, there exist polynomial time algorithms for computing such colorings

The impact of public employment on private sector activity: Evidence from Berlin

We use the move of the seat of the German government from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to test competing views about the impact of public employment on private sector activity in a local labor market. Using employment data from a 50% sample of establishments across 190 Berlin postcodes, we apply a treatment intensity approach which takes the possibility of spillovers into account. Results indicate that the arrival of 100 public sector jobs into an area generates 55 additional jobs in the private sector. There is evidence of spillovers: relocations up to a distance of 1km from a postcode boundary increases employment in the private sector by 36 jobs. These effects are coming through job gains in the service sector, while manufacturing employment is not influenced by the relocation